Ottawa’s energy deal with Alberta will do little to reduce Canada’s emissions, a new study released Thursday by the Canadian Climate Institute suggests.
The analysis also said the “minimal” benefits from the Alberta memorandum of understanding (MOU) are insufficient to offset the prospect of increased oil production. That is mainly because of inefficiencies in the changes to Alberta’s industrial carbon pricing system.
“I think they have to take a look at the floor a little closer,” Dave Sawyer, the principal economist at the Canadian Climate Institute and the study’s author, told The Canadian Press.
“I think they have to think whether or not those tightening rates put the floor at risk, and so I think they have to look at the design of this thing much closer.”
Those “tightening rates” Sawyer refers to are the emissions limits industries can produce under Alberta’s carbon pricing system, also known as stringency rates.
Alberta and Ottawa’s deal on carbon pricing
Last month, Prime Minister Mark Carney and Alberta Premier Danielle Smith signed an implementation agreement on industrial carbon pricing to bring Alberta’s effective carbon price — the market price for carbon credits — to $130 per tonne by 2040. The headline price in Alberta would also reach $100 per tonne by 2027, then rise to $130 per tonne by 2035.
The difference between the effective carbon price and the headline price lies in how companies accumulate credits to comply with their emissions limits.
The agreement also relaxed those stringency rates, effectively giving industries more leeway in how much they’re allowed to emit.
While the new carbon price structure is also more lenient than the previous federal carbon price backstop, Ottawa has been selling the new model as stronger because of its impact on the province’s credit market — despite choosing not to enforce the federal standard, which was much more stringent.
Study questions caron price’s effectiveness
But Thursday’s study from the Canadian Climate Institute says the new system isn’t set up for market prices to rise enough to meet the government’s floor, thus discouraging investment in emissions-reduction measures.
The goal of a carbon market system is to incentivize investments to cut emissions by making it less costly than buying credits or paying the carbon price.
Sawyer’s analysis suggests there is likely to be an oversupply of lower-cost credits after 2030 because producers can easily outperform their emissions benchmarks until then and build up a credit stockpile under the more lenient stringency rates.
“The floor maintains prices, but the underlying signal to abate is lost,” the report reads. “Price maintenance does not translate into emissions reductions, and instead the system mostly delivers paper compliance rather than cutting emissions.”
Carney flotas idea of buying up credits
It remains to be seen how Ottawa and Alberta will soak up the credit oversupply.
Carney has floated the prospect of buying up credits to create scarcity in the market.
“That’s off the table. What this agreement does now is it actually puts more of those credits into the system,” Sawyer said.
“Now with these tightening rates, I don’t know if it’d be worth it. I think you’d be throwing good money after bad.”
Sawyer said when details of the MOU were first reported in the media ahead of the formal announcement, the market price for carbon credits rose to $40 per tonne from a low of $17 per tonne last year.
Since the details were fully announced, however, the price has dropped to between $30 and $35 per tonne.
“The end result is a major policy intervention that leaves Canada’s long-term emissions trajectory largely where it was before the MOU agreement was finalized. It results in negligible changes to a system already weakened,” the report says.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published on June 4, 2026.